Agree with Ofnuts, did some tests Win -> Kubuntu
Not able to comment on the Hebrew font substitution. It looks to me not so much a different font as a different weight. Try selecting all and checking if it is Arial bold or Arial Dark.
For Arial going from Windows to Linux should be OK. It might just be a case of 're-reading' or re-selecting the font.
As you reported
sans in Windows = Verdana while in Linux = DejaVuSans and there are differences. The only way out is convert the text layer to bitmap in Windows, which might not be possible if you need to edit as text in linux.
If the font does not exist in linux, it will get substituted by DejaVuSans
This comparison Sans - Arial - Calibri with the file created in Win10 and opened in Linux. Blue is text-to-bitmap in Windows.
Sorry, not able to be much help. Changing default font might be possible in Linux but Windows, I do not know.